Arzu Javadova was born on August 24, 1967, in Baku. In 1984, Arzu entered the Department of Geology and Exploration of the Azerbaijan Oil and Chemical Institute, which she graduated with honors in 1989. Javadova holds a PhD in geology/mineralogy. Javadova is author of more than 50 scientific publications and holds 2 patents from the Moscow State Institute of Crystallography on the subject of Hydrothermal methods of Crystal Growth..

Javadova’s career started at the Azerbaijan Oil and Chemical Institute in 1985 as a part-time laboratory assistant in the "General, Historical Geology and Hydrogeology" department of the Institute and followed in 1987-1988 in the "Geophysical prospecting methods" department, and then in 1989-1991 as an engineer at the "Oil and Gas Exploration" department. In 1990, Javadova started her postgraduate studies at the "Oil and Gas Exploration" department, which she graduated in 1994. In the same period until 1996, Javadova also worked as a full-time teacher at the "Oil and Gas Exploration" faculty of the same university. In 1996-1997, Javadova worked as an engineer at the "Azerineftinformatika" computing center of SOCAR, in 1997 as a geochemist-group lead at the central laboratory of the Offshore Oil and Gas Production Union. She then led Petroleum Geochemistry Group of the Offshore Oil and Gas Field Development Control Expedition.

In 1997-1999, Javadova was appointed as the chief geologist at the US "Frontera Resources" Oil Company, and in 1999-2003, she joined "Salyan Oil" LLC as the Senior/Development geologist, and in 2003-2007 "Delta Hess ACG" LLC as the senior geoscientist. Between 2007-2022, Javadova worked in the exploration department of "BP Exploration" (Caspian Sea Ltd.) as a senior geologist, group leader, geological exploration manager, hydrocarbon systems analyst.

Between 2022-2023, Javadova joined SOCAR as the chief geologist.

By the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Mr. Ilham Aliyev dated July 28, 2023, Arzu Javadova was appointed as the vice president of the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic.

She is married and has two children.